Standard: SC.EN.A.01.02

Energy Transformations-

 

Chemical to Electric: For example a battery

 

Potential Energy to kinetic energy: For example a dam with water flowing through pipe by gravity and then to electric energy from the water going through its turbine and then a generator.

 

Heat to electricity: A nuclear power plant

 

Kinetic energy to electrical energy: An example of this would be an electric motor, also known as a generator

 

Heat to Mechanical Energy: Internal combustion engine, the explosions of gas in the cylinders drive pistons up and down which turns a crank shaft.

 

Light to Electricity: Solar panels

 

Wind energy to electrical energy: Wind turbine is turned by the wind, and the turbine is turning a generator which creates electricity.

 

Entropy-

A function of thermodynamic variables, as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. A closed system evolves toward a state of maximum entropy.

Simple version:

It’s the measure of unusable energy in a closed system. The universe for example.

 

Conservation of energy-

The principle that in a system that does not undergo any force from outside the system, the amount of energy is constant, irrespective of its changes in form.

 

Momentum-

Force or speed of movement.

 

Definitions from: dictionary.reference.com

 

 

Laws of Thermodynamics:

There the specifics for the transport of heat and work.

 

First Law:

"Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change forms."

So basically something like water can change from a liquid to a gas but the amount of original matter/energy is still the same amount.  It’s the law of heat power.

 

Second Law:

"in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state."

The second law is about how while the amount of energy in the universe stays constant, the quality of the matter/energy goes down. While usable energy is used, it is converted into unusable energy. When the amount of usable energy decreases and the amount of unusable energy increases entropy increases. It's the law of increased entropy.

 

Third Law:

It's about a state know as "absolute zero". It's about 0° on the Kelvin scale of temperatures, the lowest possible temperature in the universe mathematically. It's about -273.15° Celsius, or -459.7 Fahrenheit. However it is impossible for any place in the universe to have a temperature of 0° Kelvin, because of the second law of thermodynamics. If a systems starts to get close to absolute zero it starts drawing heat from other systems around it; Since it draws energy it cant make it to absolute zero. Therefore reaching absolute zero is impossible.